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Ammo mods have returned to Black Ops Cold War Zombies, with a total of 4 upgradeable ones to choose from. Available for points after Ammo Mods, short for modifications, are Field Upgrades in Black Ops Cold War Zombies that change the way your bullets behave. Primarily, an upgraded Ammo Mod Shatter Blast вЂ“ Bullets deal explosive damage. The Ammo Mod upgrade is a system introduced in Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War, functioning as The Ammo Mod upgrade is a system introduced in Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War, functioning as an evolution of the Upgrade Modules from Call of Duty: Black Best AR in Warzone recommendation. Best weapon recommendation: AK (Cold War) How to unlock the C Reach Player Level 7 Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War review - solid action with the potential For more explainers, read our selection of best Warzone weapon Daniel Ellsberg was a symbol of protest, specifically of the Vietnam War. after his sleeping baby son was nearly hit by a sniper's bullet in his crib The Phalanx CIWS (pronounced "sea-wiz") is a close-in weapon system for defense against incoming threats such as small boats, surface torpedoes

The Phalanx CIWS pronounced "sea-wiz" is a close-in weapon system for defense against incoming threats such as small boats, surface torpedoes, anti-ship missiles and helicopters. It was designed and manufactured by the General Dynamics Corporation, Pomona Division , [3] later a part of Raytheon. Consisting of a radar-guided 20 mm 0. The US Navy deploys it on every class of surface combat ship, except the Zumwalt -class destroyer and San Antonio -class amphibious transport dock. A land variant, known as the LPWS Land Phalanx Weapon System , part of the C-RAM system, has recently [ when? Navy also fields the SeaRAM system, which pairs the RIM Rolling Airframe Missile with sensors based on the Phalanx. Because of their distinctive barrel-shaped radome and their automated nature of operation, Phalanx CIWS units are sometimes nicknamed " R2-D2 " after the famous droid character from the Star Wars films. The Phalanx Close-In Weapons System CIWS was developed as the last line of automated weapons defense terminal defense or point defense against all incoming threats, including small boats, surface torpedoes, antiship missiles AShMs or ASMs and attacking aircraft, including high-g and maneuvering sea-skimmers. The first prototype system was offered to the U. Navy for evaluation on the destroyer leader USS King in and it was determined that further work was required to improve performance and reliability. Another evaluation successfully followed, and the weapon system was approved for production in Phalanx production started with orders for 23 USN and 14 foreign military systems. The first ship fully fitted out was the aircraft carrier USS Coral Sea in The Navy began placing CIWS systems on non-combatant vessels in The basis of the system is the 20 mm M61 Vulcan Gatling gun autocannon , used since , by the United States military on various tactical aircraft, linked to a K u band fire control radar system for acquiring and tracking targets. This proven system was combined with a purpose-made mounting, capable of fast elevation and traverse speeds, to track incoming targets. An entirely self-contained unit, the mounting houses the gun, an automated fire-control system and all other major components, enabling it to automatically search for, detect, track, engage, and confirm kills using its computer-controlled radar system. Owing to this self-contained nature, Phalanx is ideal for support ships, which lack integrated targeting systems and generally have limited sensors. The entire unit has a mass between 12, to 13, lb 5, to 6, kg. Due to the evolution of threats and computer technology, the Phalanx system has been developed through several configurations. The basic original style is the Block 0, equipped with first-generation, solid-state electronics and with marginal capability against surface targets. These improvements were intended to increase the system's capability against emerging Russian supersonic antiship missiles. Block 1A introduced a new computer system to counter more maneuverable targets. The Block 1B PSuM Phalanx Surface Mode, adds a forward-looking infrared FLIR sensor to make the weapon effective against surface targets. The FLIR's capability is also of use against low-observability missiles and can be linked with the RIM Rolling Airframe Missile RAM system to increase RAM engagement range and accuracy. The Block 1B also allows for an operator to visually identify and target threats. Since the end of FY , the US Navy has upgraded all Phalanx systems to the Block 1B variant. In addition to the FLIR sensor, the Block 1B incorporates an automatic acquisition video tracker, optimized gun barrels OGB , and Enhanced Lethality Cartridges ELC for additional capabilities against asymmetric threats such as small maneuvering surface craft, slow-flying fixed and rotary-winged aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles. The FLIR sensor improves performance against antiship cruise missiles, while the OGB and ELC provide tighter dispersion and increased "first-hit" range; the Mk ELC is specifically designed to penetrate antiship missiles with a 48 percent heavier tungsten penetrator round and an aluminum nose piece. Another system upgrade is the Phalanx 1B Baseline 2 radar to improve detection performance, increase reliability, and reduce maintenance. It also has a surface mode to track, detect, and destroy threats closer to the water's surface, increasing the ability to defend against fast-attack boats and low-flying missiles. As of , the Baseline 2 radar upgrade has been installed on all U. Navy Phalanx system-equipped vessels. In April , Raytheon tested a new electric gun for the Phalanx allowing the system to fire at varying rates to conserve ammunition. The new design replaces the pneumatic motor, compressor, and storage tanks, reducing system weight by lb 82 kg while increasing reliability and reducing operating costs. The CIWS is designed to be the last line of defense against antiship missiles. Due to its design criteria, its effective range is very short relative to the range of modern ASMs, from 1 to 5 nautical miles 2 to 9 km. The gun mount moves at a very high speed and with great precision. The system takes minimal inputs from the ship, making it capable of functioning despite potential damage to the ship. The only inputs required for operation are V AC three-phase electric power at 60 Hz and water for electronics cooling. For full operation, including some nonessential functions, it also has inputs for ship's true compass heading and V AC for the WinPASS subsystem. WinPASS Windows-based Parameter Analysis and Storage Subsystem is a secondary computer built into the local control station that allows technicians to perform various tests on system hardware and software for maintenance and troubleshooting purposes. It also stores data from any engagements the system conducts so that it can later be analyzed. The CIWS has two antennas that work together to engage targets. The first antenna, for searching, is located inside the radome on the weapon control group top of the white-painted portion. The search subsystem provides bearing, range, velocity, heading, and altitude information of potential targets to the CIWS computer. This information is analyzed to determine whether the detected object should be engaged by the CIWS system. Once the computer identifies a valid target see details below , the mount moves to face the target and then hands the target over to the tracking antenna at around 8 km. The track antenna is extremely precise, but views a much smaller area. The tracking subsystem observes the target until the computer determines that the probability of a successful hit is maximized and then, depending on the operator conditions, the system either fires automatically at around 2 km or recommends fire to the operator. While firing 75 rounds per second, the system tracks outgoing rounds and 'walks' them onto the target. The Block 0 CIWS mounts hydraulic driven fired at a rate of 3, rounds per minute and held rounds in the magazine drum. The Block 1A and newer pneumatic driven CIWS mounts fire at a rate of 4, rounds per minute with a 1,round magazine. The rounds are armor-piercing tungsten penetrator rounds or depleted uranium with discardable sabots. The Phalanx CIWS 20—mm rounds are designed to destroy a missile's airframe and make it unaerodynamic, thus keeping shrapnel from the exploding projectile to a minimum, effectively keeping secondary damage to a minimum. The ammunition handling system has two conveyor belt systems. The first takes the rounds out of the magazine drum to the gun; the second takes empty shells or nonfired rounds to the opposite end of the drum. The 20—mm APDS rounds consist of a 15 mm 0. The CIWS does not recognize identification friend or foe , also known as IFF. The CIWS only has the data it collects in real time from the radars to decide if the target is a threat and to engage it. A contact must meet multiple criteria for the CIWS to consider it a target. These criteria include:. There are many other subsystems that together ensure proper operation, such as environmental control, transmitter, mount movement control, power control and distribution, and so on. It takes six to eight months to train a technician to maintain, operate, and repair the CIWS. On 10 February , USS Antrim was conducting a live-fire exercise off the East Coast of the United States using the Phalanx against a target drone. Although the drone was successfully engaged at close range, the target debris bounced off the sea surface and struck the ship. This caused significant damage and fire from the drone's residual fuel, which also killed a civilian instructor aboard this ship. On 13 October , USS El Paso was conducting a live-fire exercise off the East Coast of the United States using the Phalanx against a target drone. The drone was successfully engaged, but as the drone fell to the sea, the CIWS re-engaged it as a continued threat to El Paso. Rounds from the Phalanx struck the bridge of USS Iwo Jima , killing one officer and injuring a petty officer. On 17 May , during the Iran—Iraq War , an Iraqi [19] modified Falcon 50 business jet, [20] fired two Exocet missiles at the American frigate USS Stark. Both missiles struck the port side of the ship near the bridge. The Phalanx CIWS remained in standby mode and the Mark 36 SRBOC countermeasures were not armed. On 25 February , during the first Gulf War , the Phalanx-equipped frigate USS Jarrett was a few miles from the U. Navy battleship USS Missouri and the Royal Navy destroyer HMS Gloucester. An Iraqi missile battery fired two Silkworm missiles often referred to as the Seersucker , at which time Missouri fired its SRBOC chaff countermeasures. The Phalanx system on Jarrett , operating in its automatic target-acquisition mode, fixed on Missouri ' s chaff, releasing a burst of rounds. From this burst, four rounds hit Missouri , which was 2—3 miles 3. There were no injuries on Missouri and the Iraqi missiles were destroyed by Sea Dart missiles fired by Gloucester. On 4 June , a Japanese Phalanx accidentally shot down a US A-6 Intruder from the aircraft carrier USS Independence that was towing a radar target during gunnery exercises about 1, mi 2, km west of the main Hawaiian island of Oahu. Seeking a solution to continual rocket and mortar attacks on bases in Iraq, the U. Army requested a quick-to-field antiprojectile system in May , as part of its Counter-Rocket, Artillery, Mortar initiative. For all intents and purposes a terrestrial version of the Navy's CIWS, the Centurion was rapidly developed, [27] with a proof-of-concept test in November that same year. Deployment to Iraq began in , [26] [28] where it was set up to protect forward operating bases and other high-value sites in and around the capital, Baghdad. However, the swift and effective development and performance of Israel's indigenous Iron dome system has ruled out any purchase or deployment of Centurion. Each system consists of a modified Phalanx 1B CIWS, powered by an attached generator and mounted on a trailer for mobility. Including the same 20 mm M61A1 Gatling gun, the unit is likewise capable of firing 4, 20—mm rounds per minute. Central Command area of operations. A Raytheon spokesman told the Navy Times that attacks were defeated by the systems, most of them involving mortars. Based on the success of Centurion, 23 additional systems were ordered in September Like the naval 1B version, Centurion uses Ku-band radar and FLIR [33] to detect and track incoming projectiles, and is also capable of engaging surface targets, with the system able to reach a minusdegree elevation. Whereas naval Phalanx systems fire tungsten armor-piercing rounds, the C-RAM uses the 20—mm HEIT-SD High-Explosive Incendiary Tracer , Self-Destruct ammunition, originally developed for the M Vulcan Air Defense System. Australia [36]. Bahrain [36]. Canada [36]. Greece [37]. Egypt [38]. India [39]. Israel [36]. Japan [38]. Mexico [40]. New Zealand [36]. Pakistan [36]. Poland [36]. Portugal [38]. Saudi Arabia [36]. South Korea [41]. Thailand [42]. Taiwan 13 sets MK15 Phalanx Block 1B Baseline 2, 8 set is for upgrading the current Block 0 to MK15 Phalanx Block 1B Baseline 2, total cost: 0. United Kingdom [38]. United States [38]. New Zealand. United Kingdom. United States. Afghanistan [36] [44]. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Close-in weapon system. Phalanx CIWS aboard USS Jason Dunham. Play media. Retrieved 28 July The Almanac of Seapower Navy League of the United States ISBN p. Archived from the original on March 4, Archived from the original on April 12, Retrieved Retrieved October 2, Archived from the original on August 10, Archived from the original on June 19, October 12, Daily Press. The National Interest. Japan apologizes for gunning down U. June 4, Human Error Cited In Downing Of Navy Plane By Japanese Archived at the Wayback Machine. October 24, Navy Times. Archived from the original PDF on Aviation Week. February 25, Raytheon Company. Cossor ELCAN Optical Technologies Raytheon BBN Technologies Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems Raytheon Intelligence, Information and Services HRB Systems Raytheon Missile Systems Raytheon Polar Services Company Sarcos ThalesRaytheonSystems. Raytheon Technologies Raytheon 9 Vannevar Bush. Categories : Naval anti-aircraft guns Rotary cannon Multi-barrel machine guns Close-in weapon systems Raytheon Company products Anti-aircraft guns of the United States Naval guns of the United States Military robots 20 mm artillery Naval weapons of Australia Multiple barrel firearms Military equipment introduced in the s Cold War weapons of the United States. Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links CS1 maint: archived copy as title All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from August Articles with dead external links from March Articles with permanently dead external links Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August All articles with vague or ambiguous time Vague or ambiguous time from August Commons link is on Wikidata. Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. General Dynamics. price may vary for different amounts of ammo, technical protocols, and personnel training. Naval: Armor-piercing tungsten penetrator rounds with discarding sabots Land: High-explosive incendiary tracer , self-destruct. effective range [2]. Ku-band radar and FLIR [4]. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phalanx CIWS.
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